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<meta name="description" content="从上文可知，在服务的调用或消费端发送请求命令中，Dubbo引入过滤器链机制来实现功能的包装（或扩展）。Dubbo很多功能，例如泛化调用、并发控制等都是基于Filter机制实现的，系统默认的Filter在&#x2F;dubbo-rpc-api&#x2F;src&#x2F;main&#x2F;resources&#x2F;META-INF&#x2F;dubbo&#x2F;internal&#x2F;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter文件中定义，内容如下： 1">
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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Dubbo Filter机制概述</h1>
        

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        <div id="vip-container"><p>从上文可知，在服务的调用或消费端发送请求命令中，Dubbo引入过滤器链机制来实现功能的包装（或扩展）。Dubbo很多功能，例如泛化调用、并发控制等都是基于Filter机制实现的，系统默认的Filter在/dubbo-rpc-api/src/main/resources/META-INF/dubbo/internal/com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter文件中定义，内容如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.EchoFilter</span><br><span class="line">generic&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.GenericFilter</span><br><span class="line">genericimpl&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.GenericImplFilter</span><br><span class="line">token&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.TokenFilter</span><br><span class="line">accesslog&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.AccessLogFilter</span><br><span class="line">activelimit&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ActiveLimitFilter</span><br><span class="line">classloader&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ClassLoaderFilter</span><br><span class="line">context&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ContextFilter</span><br><span class="line">consumercontext&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ConsumerContextFilter</span><br><span class="line">exception&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ExceptionFilter</span><br><span class="line">executelimit&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.ExecuteLimitFilter</span><br><span class="line">deprecated&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.DeprecatedFilter</span><br><span class="line">compatible&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.CompatibleFilter</span><br><span class="line">timeout&#x3D;com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.filter.TimeoutFilter</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以其中一个来说明一下Filter的定义要素：</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#x2F;**</span><br><span class="line"> * EchoInvokerFilter</span><br><span class="line"> *&#x2F;</span><br><span class="line">@Activate(group &#x3D; Constants.PROVIDER, order &#x3D; -110000)    &#x2F;&#x2F; @2</span><br><span class="line">public class EchoFilter implements Filter &#123;                                 &#x2F;&#x2F; @1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    @Override</span><br><span class="line">    public Result invoke(Invoker&lt;?&gt; invoker, Invocation inv) throws RpcException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        if (inv.getMethodName().equals(Constants.$ECHO) &amp;&amp; inv.getArguments() !&#x3D; null &amp;&amp; inv.getArguments().length &#x3D;&#x3D; 1)</span><br><span class="line">            return new RpcResult(inv.getArguments()[0]);</span><br><span class="line">        return invoker.invoke(inv);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>代码@1：实现com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter接口。</p>
<p>代码@2：添加Activate，其注解含义如下：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>group： 所属组，String[],例如消费端、服务端。<br>value String[]，如果指定该值，只有当消费者或服务提供者URL中包含属性名为value的键值对，该过滤器才处于激活状态。</p>
</li>
<li><p>before：String[]，用于指定执行顺序，before指定的过滤器在该过滤器之前执行。</p>
</li>
<li><p>after：string[]，用于指定执行顺序，after指定的过滤器在该过滤器之后执行。</p>
</li>
<li><p>order：用户指定顺序，值越小，越先执行。<br>除了支持默认的过滤器外，Dubbo还支持自定义Filter，可以通过service.filter指定过滤器，多个用英文逗号隔开，其配置方法为：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;dubbo:service ......&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;dubbo:parameter key &#x3D; &quot;service.filter&quot; value &#x3D; &quot;filter1,filer2,...&quot;&#x2F;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;&#x2F;dubbo:service&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当然，可以为所有服务提供者设置共用过滤器，其指定方法为：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;dubbo:provider ...&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;dubbo:parameter key &#x3D; &quot;service.filter&quot; value &#x3D; &quot;filter1,filer2,...&quot;&#x2F;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;&#x2F;dubbo:provider&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>消费端自定义过滤器的key为reference.filter，其使用方法在&lt; dubbo:reference/&gt;标签或&lt; dubbo:consumer/&gt;标签下定义属性。关于自定义Filter的解析代码如下：<br>ExtensionLoader#getActivateExtension</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public List&lt;T&gt; getActivateExtension(URL url, String key, String group) &#123;   &#x2F;&#x2F; @1</span><br><span class="line">        String value &#x3D; url.getParameter(key);                                                 &#x2F;&#x2F; @2</span><br><span class="line">        return getActivateExtension(url, value &#x3D;&#x3D; null || value.length() &#x3D;&#x3D; 0 ? null : Constants.COMMA_SPLIT_PATTERN.split(value), group);    &#x2F;&#x2F; @3</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>代码@1：参数说明。</p>
<ul>
<li>URL url：服务提供者或服务消费者url。</li>
<li>String key：过滤器属性key，服务提供者固定为:service.filter，服务消费者固定为reference.filter。</li>
<li>String group：服务提供者或服务消费者。</li>
</ul>
<p>代码@2：从url中获取配置的自定义filter。</p>
<p>代码@3：如果value不为空，则将字符串调用split转换为数组，然后调用getActivateExtension方法，获取符合条件的过滤器。</p>
<p>ExtensionLoader#getActivateExtension</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public List&lt;T&gt; getActivateExtension(URL url, String[] values, String group) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;T&gt; exts &#x3D; new ArrayList&lt;T&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;String&gt; names &#x3D; values &#x3D;&#x3D; null ? new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;(0) : Arrays.asList(values);</span><br><span class="line">        if (!names.contains(Constants.REMOVE_VALUE_PREFIX + Constants.DEFAULT_KEY)) &#123;     &#x2F;&#x2F; @1</span><br><span class="line">            getExtensionClasses();                                                                                                            &#x2F;&#x2F; @2</span><br><span class="line">            for (Map.Entry&lt;String, Activate&gt; entry : cachedActivates.entrySet()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                String name &#x3D; entry.getKey();</span><br><span class="line">                Activate activate &#x3D; entry.getValue();</span><br><span class="line">                if (isMatchGroup(group, activate.group())) &#123;                                                                        &#x2F;&#x2F; @3</span><br><span class="line">                    T ext &#x3D; getExtension(name);</span><br><span class="line">                    if (!names.contains(name)</span><br><span class="line">                            &amp;&amp; !names.contains(Constants.REMOVE_VALUE_PREFIX + name)                    &#x2F;&#x2F; @4      </span><br><span class="line">                            &amp;&amp; isActive(activate, url)) &#123;                                                                                      &#x2F;&#x2F; @5</span><br><span class="line">                        exts.add(ext);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            Collections.sort(exts, ActivateComparator.COMPARATOR);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;T&gt; usrs &#x3D; new ArrayList&lt;T&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i &#x3D; 0; i &lt; names.size(); i++) &#123;                                                                                           &#x2F;&#x2F; @6</span><br><span class="line">            String name &#x3D; names.get(i);</span><br><span class="line">            if (!name.startsWith(Constants.REMOVE_VALUE_PREFIX)</span><br><span class="line">                    &amp;&amp; !names.contains(Constants.REMOVE_VALUE_PREFIX + name)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                if (Constants.DEFAULT_KEY.equals(name)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    if (!usrs.isEmpty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        exts.addAll(0, usrs);</span><br><span class="line">                        usrs.clear();</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; else &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    T ext &#x3D; getExtension(name);</span><br><span class="line">                    usrs.add(ext);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        if (!usrs.isEmpty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            exts.addAll(usrs);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        return exts;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>代码@1：如果配置的service.filter或referecnce.filter包含了-default，表示禁用系统默认提供的一系列过滤器。</p>
<p>代码@2：如果不禁用系统默认过滤器链，则首先加载所有默认过滤器。</p>
<p>代码@3：根据group刷选出适配的过滤器。</p>
<p>代码@4：也可以对单个filter进行禁用，其方法是-过滤器名称的方式。例如如想禁用AccessLogFilter，则可以通过-accesslog方式禁用。-key,key为/dubbo-rpc-api/src/main/resources/META-INF/dubbo/internal/com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter中定义的key。</p>
<p>代码@5：判断过滤器是否激活，其逻辑是如果Filter上的@Activate注解value值不为空，则需要判断url中是否包含键为value的属性对，存在则启用，不存在则不启用。</p>
<p>代码@6：加载用户自定义的Filter，也即是service.filter或reference.filter指定的过滤器。<br>综上所述，Dubbo提供了过滤器机制，在真实服务被调用前提供扩展点。Filter机制就简单介绍到这里了，从下文开始会重点分析Dubbo服务提供的核心Filter。</p>
<p>如果需要自定过滤器，需要在自定的工程中META-INF/dubbo/internal/com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter文件中注册。</p>
<p>本文就介绍到这里了，从下篇开始将会根据Dubbo的功能特性来详细分析其实现过程，其本质都是各种Dubbo 过滤器器。</p>
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